Abu Bakr

أبو بكر
a·boo·BAKR

A kunya — the name history knows him by

Also written: Abubakar · Aboubacar · Abu Bakar
Sourced · HadithMasculineNames of the Sahaba
The source
Alluded to in the Qur'an (9:40, 'the second of the two') and attested throughout the sahih collections · hadith graded sahih

Meaning & source

Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA) — the ever-affirming — was the Prophet's ﷺ closest companion, the second of the two in the cave whom the Qur'an itself alludes to: when he said to his companion, do not grieve; indeed Allah is with us (9:40). He was the first caliph, and the man of whom the Prophet ﷺ said that if he were to take an intimate friend among men, it would be him (Sahih al-Bukhari).

Abu Bakr is a kunya; his given name is related as Abdullah, with the honorific Atiq.

Every name in this collection is cited to the Qur'an or hadith graded hasan or higher. Our sources & method

The story of the name

7 parts · about 4 minutes

The second of the two

Allah wrote his finest hour into the Qur'an without naming him — and everyone knows exactly who it is: the second of the two, when they were both in the cave, when he said to his companion: do not grieve; indeed, Allah is with us(Surah al-Tawbah, 9:40). Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA): the friend in the cave, among the very first to believe, the companion whose closeness the Prophet ﷺ ranked above all: "if I were to take an intimate/close friend from my ummah, I would take Abu Bakr" (Bukhari 3654).

The identification is not guesswork. Abu Bakr himself related what passed between them inside that cave: "I said to the Prophet ﷺ, if any one of them looked beneath his feet, he would see us." And the reply: "O Abu Bakr, what do you think of two whose third is Allah?" (Bukhari 3653; Muslim 2381).

Companionship, O Messenger of Allah?

Aisha (RA) described the day the permission to emigrate came. The Prophet ﷺ came to her father with the news, and Abu Bakr asked one question: companionship, O Messenger of Allah? The answer came: companionship. She said she had never seen anyone weep from joy until she saw her father weeping that day (Bukhari 3905). Three nights in the cave of Thawr followed, with his daughter Asma carrying provisions up the mountain and his son Abdullah bringing news from Makkah — one household, entirely committed.

The ever-affirming

The Prophet ﷺ gave him the title himself. Climbing Mount Uhud with Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman, the mountain shook beneath them, and he ﷺ said: "be firm, Uhud — upon you are only a Prophet, a Siddiq, and two martyrs" (Bukhari 3675). Umar and Uthman would indeed die as martyrs. Abu Bakr was the Siddiq.

The tradition also relates the morning after the night journey, when Makkah mocked the impossible story and Abu Bakr asked only: did he say it? Then it is true. That account comes from the sirah rather than an authentic narration — but it captures exactly what the title means. As-Siddiq: the man whose trust in truth was faster than other men's doubt.

All the gates

One morning the Prophet ﷺ asked: who is fasting today? Who followed a funeral? Who fed a poor person? Who visited the sick? To each, Abu Bakr: I did — and the Prophet ﷺ said such deeds do not gather in a man except that he enters Paradise (Muslim 1028). On another occasion Abu Bakr asked whether anyone would be called from all the gates of Paradise, and the Prophet ﷺ answered: yes — and I hope you will be among them (Bukhari 1897; Muslim 1027).

Tenderness, and iron

The picture the sources give is not the soft man of popular memory. Aisha (RA) called him raqiq — tender-hearted — a man who could barely get through a recitation without weeping, which is why she objected when the Prophet ﷺ, in his final illness, ordered that Abu Bakr lead the prayer. The Prophet ﷺ repeated the command anyway (Bukhari 678).

Then the Prophet ﷺ died, and the same tender man held the community together. Umar could not accept it; Abu Bakr stood before the people and said: whoever worshipped Muhammad — Muhammad has died. Whoever worships Allah — Allah is Living, and does not die. Then he recited Muhammad is not but a messenger; messengers have passed on before him (Surah Aal Imran, 3:144). Umar said his legs gave way beneath him when he heard it (Bukhari 4452–4454).

The iron showed again over zakat. When tribes withheld it, Umar hesitated to fight people who prayed. Abu Bakr did not: by Allah, if they withheld from me a young she-goat they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would fight them for it (Bukhari 1400; Muslim 20). Umar came to see he was right.

He saved the Qur'an

After the reciters fell at Yamamah, Umar urged him to have the Qur'an collected before more were lost. Abu Bakr's first response was hesitation of the best kind: how can I do something the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not do? Convinced at last, he commissioned Zayd ibn Thabit — who raised the very same objection before undertaking it. The sheets Zayd assembled passed to Abu Bakr, then Umar, then Hafsah (RA), and became the basis of every mushaf on earth (Bukhari 4986). Two years as caliph, and one of them produced the book muslims hold dear today.

To carry this name

To carry this name is to be the one who believes first and stays closest — truthful so consistently that your confirmation settles matters. To be tender and firm in the same person: soft enough to weep at a verse, and immovable when something essential is at stake.

Scholars discuss

His kunya is the name history keeps; his given name is related as Abdullah ibn Uthman, of Banu Taym of Quraysh, with the honorific Atiq.

He is best described as the first free adult man to believe rather than simply "the first Muslim." The early reports distribute precedence by category — Khadijah (RA) first among women, Ali (RA) first among children, Abu Bakr first among free adult men. What is not in question is the Prophet's ﷺ own testimony about Abu Bakr(RA) with Umar(RA): Allah sent me to you and you said "you are lying," while Abu Bakr said "he has spoken the truth," and he supported me with himself and his wealth (Bukhari 3661).

The scholars' summary of his rank rests on the Qur'an itself — the "second of the two in the cave" (Surah al-Tawbah, 9:40), the only companionship Allah Himself narrated — and on Ibn Umar's report of how the companions ranked themselves in the Prophet's ﷺ own lifetime: Abu Bakr, then Umar, then Uthman (Bukhari 3655).

Classical tafsir commonly connects the most righteous will be spared it — who gives his wealth to purify himself (Surah al-Layl, 92:17–21) to Abu Bakr's spending and his freeing of persecuted believers, Bilal (RA) among them. That connection comes through tafsir and asbab al-nuzul reports rather than Quran or Hadith. And on the prayer-leadership during the final illness: the hadith concerns leading the salah, which the scholars have long read as a strong indication of his standing — not as an explicit verbal appointment to the caliphate. The distinction is worth preserving.

In the hadith

Bukhari 3653; Muslim 2381 (sahih) — In the cave: "O Abu Bakr, what do you think of two whose third is Allah?"

Bukhari 3654 (sahih) — "If I were to take a khalil other than my Lord, I would have taken Abu Bakr" — and the closing of every door into the mosque except his.

Bukhari 3675 (sahih) — On Uhud: "be firm — upon you are only a Prophet, a Siddiq, and two martyrs."

Bukhari 3662; Muslim 2384 (sahih) — Asked who among men was most beloved to him ﷺ: "her father."

Bukhari 3661 (sahih) — "Abu Bakr said: he has spoken the truth, and he supported me with himself and his wealth."

Bukhari 3655 (sahih) — Ibn Umar: in the Prophet's ﷺ lifetime the companions held Abu Bakr the best, then Umar, then Uthman.

Bukhari 3905 (sahih) — Aisha: "companionship, O Messenger of Allah?" — and she had never seen anyone weep from joy before that day.

Muslim 1028 (sahih) — Fasting, a funeral, feeding the poor, visiting the sick — all in one morning.

Bukhari 1897; Muslim 1027 (sahih) — Called from all the gates of Paradise: "yes, and I hope you will be among them."

Bukhari 678 (sahih) — The Prophet ﷺ ordering, in his final illness, that Abu Bakr lead the prayer.

Bukhari 1400; Muslim 20 (sahih) — His firmness on zakat: "if they withheld a young she-goat…"

Bukhari 4452–4454 (sahih) — At the Prophet's ﷺ death: "whoever worshipped Muhammad — Muhammad has died."

Bukhari 4986 (sahih) — The collection of the Qur'an, and the sheets passing to Hafsah (RA).

Tirmidhi 3747 (sahih, al-Albani) — the ten given glad tidings of Paradise, narrated by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf (RA): Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talhah, az-Zubayr, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Sa'id ibn Zayd, and Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with them all). Also narrated by Sa'id ibn Zayd (RA) in Tirmidhi 3748 (sahih, al-Albani) and Abu Dawud 4649–4650.

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