Hamza

حمزة
HAM · zah

Steadfast; lion-hearted — by the classical gloss

Also written: Hamzah · Humza · Hamsa
Sourced · HadithMasculineNames of the Sahaba
The source
Attested throughout the sahih collections; his virtues related in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim · hadith graded sahih

Meaning & source

Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib (RA), uncle of the Prophet ﷺ and among the strongest of Quraysh, embraced Islam in its hardest Makkan years and shielded the believers by his standing. He fell at Uhud and the Prophet ﷺ grieved him deeply; he is remembered as Sayyid ash-Shuhada — the master of the martyrs.

Every name in this collection is cited to the Qur'an or hadith graded hasan or higher. Our sources & method

The story of the name

6 parts · about 4 minutes

The day the lion turned

Makkah knew Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib (RA) as its huntsman and its strongest man. He was the Prophet's ﷺ uncle — and, closer still, his foster-brother, nursed by the same woman when they were infants (Bukhari 2645). One day Hamza (RA) came back from the hunt and heard that Abu Jahl had abused his nephew in public. He went straight to the assembly, struck Abu Jahl with his bow, and declared before everyone that he followed Muhammad ﷺ. The sirah says his faith began as protection, and then, over the days that followed, settled into conviction.

Asadullah

Once Hamza (RA) believed, the balance in Makkah shifted — the Muslims had a lion. At Badr, when the enemy called out for the opening duel, three Muslims stepped forward: Hamza (RA), Ali (RA), and Ubayda ibn al-Harith (RA). Hamza (RA) struck down his man. Abu Dharr (RA) later swore that a verse came down about the six who fought that day — these are two adversaries who dispute concerning their Lord (Surah al-Hajj, 22:19; Bukhari 4743, Muslim 3033). The tradition came to call Hamza (RA) Asadullah — the Lion of Allah — the same honor it gives Ali (RA).

The leader of the martyrs

At Uhud, the lion fell. His body was mutilated where it lay, and when the Prophet ﷺ found him, he grieved as he grieved over almost no one else in his life. Hamza (RA) was buried on the field at Uhud, among the martyrs. The Qur'an says of those killed in Allah's path that they are not dead at all — they are alive with their Lord, and provided for (Surah Aal Imran, 3:169). The Prophet ﷺ is reported to have named him the best of the martyrs before Allah, and the ummah has honored him ever since as sayyid al-shuhada, the leader of the martyrs. His name means the strong, the lion-hearted — but the ummah has never needed the dictionary. For fourteen centuries, Hamza has simply meant the lion who stands up for his own.

The man who killed him

The strongest account of Hamza (RA)'s death comes, remarkably, from the man who killed him. Wahshi ibn Harb was a slave, promised his freedom if he killed Hamza (RA) to avenge a master's uncle lost at Badr. He was deadly with a spear. At Uhud he hid behind a rock, waited for his moment, and threw. The spear struck Hamza (RA), and Wahshi went free (Bukhari 4072). Years later, after the Prophet ﷺ had taken Makkah, Wahshi (RA) came to him and accepted Islam. The Prophet ﷺ asked him to tell how Hamza (RA) had died, and heard the whole account. Then he said, gently: can you keep your face away from me? He accepted Wahshi (RA)'s Islam fully — Islam erases what came before it — but the loss of an uncle was still a wound. Wahshi (RA) understood, and kept his distance. Later, in the wars after the Prophet ﷺ, Wahshi (RA) took up the same spear against Musaylimah the false prophet, and killed him. With one spear, he said, he had killed the best of men, and then the worst — and hoped the second might answer for the first.

The daughter he left behind

Hamza (RA) left a young daughter. Years after Uhud, when the Prophet ﷺ was leaving Makkah, she ran after the departing Muslims, calling out, "Uncle! Uncle!" Ali (RA) lifted her up and carried her to safety. Ali (RA), Ja'far (RA), and Zayd (RA) — three of the finest men in Islam — each argued that he should be the one to raise her. The Prophet ﷺ gave her to Ja'far (RA)'s household, whose wife was the girl's maternal aunt, and said: the maternal aunt is like the mother (Bukhari 2699, 4251). The lion was gone, but his child was something the best of the ummah competed to protect.

To carry this name

To carry this name is to be strong for others, not for yourself. Hamza (RA)'s courage first showed when he stood up for his nephew against those who mistreated him — and it grew until he was the first into the fight, and in the end gave his life for the faith. It is to be the kind of person whose presence makes the people around you braver and safer. And it is to let that strength grow up: to begin by protecting your own out of love, and to grow into standing for the truth itself.

Scholars discuss

Hamza (RA)'s kinship with the Prophet ﷺ is doubly close and well attested: paternal uncle by blood, and foster-brother through the same wet-nurse — the Prophet ﷺ noted he could not marry Hamza (RA)'s daughter for exactly that reason (Bukhari 2645; Muslim 1447). The famous conversion scene — the return from the hunt, the blow to Abu Jahl — is strong sirah, not a hadith of Bukhari or Muslim, and the site tells it that way. So too the Prophet's ﷺ grief and the eulogies: the grief is certain and widely reported, but particular wordings vary and are best weighed one by one.

Two honorifics carry his memory — Asadullah, the Lion of Allah, and sayyid al-shuhada, leader of the martyrs. Asadullah is a devotional title from the biographical tradition, not a hadith of Bukhari or Muslim. The martyr-honor has more behind it: the Prophet ﷺ is reported to have said the best of the martyrs before Allah is Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib (al-Tabarani, al-Awsat, from Jabir), with a parallel naming him sayyid al-shuhada (al-Hakim). No single chain is clean — al-Tabarani flagged that one narrator stood alone in his route, and al-Dhahabi faulted a narrator in al-Hakim's — but the routes reinforce one another, and a number of scholars grade the honor hasan on that basis. So the site states his rank among the martyrs as reported from the Prophet ﷺ, while noting the chains are discussed; it does not claim Sahihayn strength for it. His martyrdom itself needs no such support — the killing is preserved in Bukhari through Wahshi's own confession. That his body was mutilated is strong sirah tradition and the site does not assert it. The claim that Qur'an Surah al-Nahl, 16:126, on repaying harm in equal measure, was revealed over his mutilation is a debated tafsir point, not a settled fact.

In the hadith

Bukhari 4072 (sahih) — Wahshi ibn Harb's own account of killing Hamza at Uhud with a spear; his later acceptance of Islam and the Prophet's ﷺ words, "can you keep your face away from me"; and his killing of Musaylimah with the same spear.

Bukhari 4743, 4744; Muslim 3033 (sahih) — Abu Dharr (RA) swore that Qur'an Surah al-Hajj, 22:19, "these are two adversaries who disputed about their Lord," was revealed about the Badr duel: Hamza, Ali, and Ubaydah against Utba, Shayba, and Walid.

Bukhari 2645; Muslim 1447 (sahih) — the Prophet ﷺ could not marry Hamza's daughter, because Hamza was his foster-brother, and fostering forbids in marriage what lineage forbids.

Bukhari 2699, 4251 (sahih) — al-Bara ibn Azib (RA): after Uhud, Ali, Ja'far, and Zayd (RA) disputed over raising Hamza's orphaned daughter; the Prophet ﷺ gave her to her maternal aunt's household, ruling "the maternal aunt is like the mother."

al-Tabarani, al-Mu'jam al-Awsat (hasan li-ghayrihi — graded hasan by some through corroborating routes; individual chains discussed) — the Prophet ﷺ: "The best of the martyrs before Allah is Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib" (Jabir), with a parallel sayyid al-shuhada wording in al-Hakim.

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