Asma

أسماء
as · MAA

Loftier, more exalted — by the classical gloss

Also written: Asmaa · Esma · Asmae
Sourced · HadithFeminineNames of the Sahaba
The source
Sahih al-Bukhari — the two-waistbands account · hadith graded sahih

Meaning & source

Asma bint Abi Bakr (RA), Dhat an-Nitaqayn — she of the two waistbands — tore her belt to carry provisions to the Prophet ﷺ and her father in the cave. She lived a century, mother of Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr (RA), and her firmness in the final trial of her life is among the most moving accounts of the era (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim).

Every name in this collection is cited to the Qur'an or hadith graded hasan or higher. Our sources & method

The story of the name

5 parts · about 3 minutes

The one of the two waistbands

The night of the hijrah, with Makkah's bounty hunters saddling their horses, provisions had to reach the Prophet ﷺ and her father, hidden in the cave of Thawr — food and water, carried in secret, at the price of her life if she were caught. Asma bint Abi Bakr (RA) prepared it all and found nothing to tie the bundles with. So she tore her own waistband in two — one strip for the food, one for the waterskin. The Prophet ﷺ named her for it forever: Dhat al-Nitaqayn, the one of the two waistbands (Bukhari 2979). The ummah's most honored piece of improvisation.

Keep ties with your mother

Years later her pagan mother came to Madinah, estranged by faith, seeking her daughter's kindness. Asma went to the Prophet ﷺ with the question every convert-family asks: may I? The answer became law: yes — keep ties with your mother (Bukhari 2620; Muslim 1003) — kindness across the lines of belief, anchored by the revelation that Allah does not forbid birr toward those who do not fight you for your religion (Surah al-Mumtahanah, 60:8).

The hardest years

Marriage did not spare her. When she married al-Zubayr (RA), he owned nothing in the world but a horse — and Asma (RA) fed it, watered it, and hauled date-stones on her head from his land, a walk of some two miles, so they could eat. One day the Prophet ﷺ passed her on the road with a group of companions and knelt his camel to offer her a ride; she declined, out of shyness and out of respect for al-Zubayr's fierce sense of honor. She told him later, and he said her carrying the load had shamed him more than the thought of her riding would have. When her father finally sent a servant to tend the horse, she said it felt as if he had set me free (Bukhari 5224; Muslim 2182). The daughter of the first caliph carried her own load and did not complain of it until she was free of it.

Unbowed to the end

She lived nearly a hundred years, and the last of them tested her hardest. Her son Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr (RA) — a companion, the first child of the emigrants born in Madinah — was killed in Makkah and left hanging by al-Hajjaj, the most feared governor of the age. Then al-Hajjaj came to the old, blind mother to gloat. She did not flinch. She reminded him of something she had heard from the Prophet ﷺ himself: in Thaqif there will be a liar and a destroyer. The liar, she said, we have already seen — al-Mukhtar. And the destroyer — I do not think it is anyone but you (Muslim 2545). Her name means loftier, more exalted; a blind woman near a century old, naming the tyrant to his face over her son's body, was simply living up to it. She began the hijrah tying a fugitive's provisions with a torn belt, and ended it staring down an empire.

To carry this name

To carry this name is to be resourceful when danger comes. It is to carry your own load without complaint, and to keep kindness alive across every line that divides a family, even the line of belief. And it is to stand unbowed before power, whatever it costs, and speak the truth to its face. The name means loftier, more exalted; a life worthy of it stays tall when everything around it tries to make it small.

Scholars discuss

Daughter of Abu Bakr (RA), wife of al-Zubayr (RA), mother of Ibn al-Zubayr (RA) — and a title-holder in her own right from the hijrah's most dangerous night, provisioning the cave party while Makkah searched for them (Bukhari 2979). Through her, the scholars teach the founding case of kindness across the line of belief: her pagan mother came, Asma (RA) asked the Prophet ﷺ, and the answer — keep ties with her (Bukhari 2620; Muslim 1003) — is read alongside Surah al-Mumtahanah, 60:8, Allah's permission of birr toward those who do not fight the faith. Her own account of early poverty with al-Zubayr — carrying date-stones on her head, declining the Prophet's ﷺ camel out of modesty — is a rare, vivid piece of authenticated social history (Bukhari 5224).

Her courage at the end is authenticated, not merely storied. Her son Abdullah (RA) — a companion, the first child of the emigrants born in Madinah — was killed by al-Hajjaj, and the aged, blind Asma (RA) named him to his face as the "destroyer" the Prophet ﷺ had foretold from Thaqif (Muslim 2545). The famous counsel she is said to have given her son before his last stand — that a true cause is worth dying for, and "a slaughtered sheep feels no pain in the skinning" — is a beloved historical tradition and not mentioned in Sahih. Her husband al-Zubayr (RA) had fallen years earlier at the Battle of the Camel, in the fitna the mainstream tradition mourns without vilifying its Companions; the site honors the family and does not adjudicate it. She lived to great age — near a hundred by the common reckoning — and died in Makkah in 73 AH, days after her son.

In the hadith

Bukhari 2979 (sahih) — Asma tore her waistband in two to tie the hijrah provisions, and was named for it: Dhat al-Nitaqayn, the one of the two waistbands.

Bukhari 2620; Muslim 1003 (sahih) — her polytheist mother came seeking her; the Prophet ﷺ told her, "keep ties with your mother" — the ruling on kindness to a non-Muslim parent.

Bukhari 5224; Muslim 2182 (sahih) — her account of early poverty with al-Zubayr: feeding his horse and carrying date-stones on her head, and declining the Prophet's ﷺ offered ride out of modesty.

Muslim 2545 (sahih) — after al-Hajjaj killed her son, the aged Asma named him the "destroyer" the Prophet ﷺ had foretold would come from Thaqif.

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